How does the Red Sea depression affect Saudi Arabia?

The Arab Weather Center explained that the Red Sea depression is one of the most important weather factors that control the weather in the Kingdom during the autumn season, stressing that its effects range from thunderstorms and flash floods to dust storms and sandstorms resulting from downdrafts accompanying thunderstorms.

What is the Red Sea Depression?

The Red Sea Trough is a low-pressure area that forms over the Red Sea and is considered one of the most important weather influences in the autumn season on the Arabian Peninsula, including Saudi Arabia.

How does the Red Sea trough form?

• It forms when warm, humid air descends from the Red Sea to the land.
• This air interacts with the cold upper-level troughs coming from the north, leading to atmospheric instability.
• This interaction results in cloud activity, thunderstorms, and sometimes localized flash floods.

How does the Red Sea depression affect Saudi Arabia?

• Thunderstorms: The collision of cold upper-level troughs with moist air leads to cloud formation and rainfall of varying intensity, which may sometimes be heavy.
• Local flash floods: Heavy rainfall increases the likelihood of flash floods in valleys and low-lying areas, especially roads near waterways.
• Temporary heat and dryness: Some short waves are accompanied by active southeasterly winds, leading to temporarily dry conditions and an increased feeling of heat.
• Dust and sandstorms: East to southeast winds may stir up dust and sand, causing a decrease in horizontal visibility, especially in deserts and open areas. Sometimes dust waves are formed as a result of downdrafts associated with thunderstorms.